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Cytochrome c superfamily

SCOP classification
Root:   SCOP hierarchy in SUPERFAMILY [ 0] (11)
Class:   All alpha proteins [ 46456] (284)
Fold:   Cytochrome c [ 46625]
Superfamily:   Cytochrome c [ 46626] (8)
Families:   monodomain cytochrome c [ 46627] (15)
  N-terminal (heme c) domain of cytochrome cd1-nitrite reductase [ 46671]
  Quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase, C-terminal domain [ 68952]
  Cytochrome bc1 domain [ 46676]
  Two-domain cytochrome c [ 46680] (2)
  Di-heme cytochrome c SoxA [ 81677]
  Di-heme cytochrome c peroxidase [ 46685]
  Quinohemoprotein amine dehydrogenase A chain, domains 1 and 2 [ 68956]


Superfamily statistics
Genomes (2,136) Uniprot 2018_03 genome PDB chains (SCOP 1.75)
Domains 23,570 230,449 122
Proteins 17,330 168,427 113


Functional annotation
General category Metabolism
Detailed category E- transfer

Document:
Function annotation of SCOP domain superfamilies

Enzyme Commission (EC)

(show details)
EC termFDR (all)SDEO levelAnnotation (direct or inherited)
Enzyme Commission (EC)Oxidoreductases0Least InformativeDirect

Document: EC annotation of SCOP domains

Worm Phenotype (WP)

(show details)
WP termFDR (all)SDWP levelAnnotation (direct or inherited)
Worm Phenotype (WP)organism metabolism processing variant0Least InformativeDirect
Worm Phenotype (WP)general pace of development variant0Least InformativeDirect
Worm Phenotype (WP)retarded heterochronic variations0Least InformativeDirect
Worm Phenotype (WP)organism behavior variant0Least InformativeDirect
Worm Phenotype (WP)organism environmental stimulus response variant0Least InformativeDirect
Worm Phenotype (WP)larval development variant0Least InformativeDirect
Worm Phenotype (WP)larval growth variant0Least InformativeDirect
Worm Phenotype (WP)level of transgene expression variant0Moderately InformativeDirect

Document: WP annotation of SCOP domains

Yeast Phenotype (YP)

(show details)
YP termFDR (all)SDYP levelAnnotation (direct or inherited)
Yeast Phenotype (YP)resistance to chemicals0Least InformativeDirect
Yeast Phenotype (YP)metabolism and growth0Least InformativeDirect
Yeast Phenotype (YP)chemical compound accumulation0InformativeDirect

Document: YP annotation of SCOP domains

Arabidopsis Plant Ontology (AP)

(show details)
AP termFDR (all)SDAP levelAnnotation (direct or inherited)
Plant ANatomical entity (PAN)cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure0Least InformativeDirect
Plant ANatomical entity (PAN)inflorescence0Least InformativeDirect
Plant ANatomical entity (PAN)microsporophyll0Least InformativeDirect
Plant ANatomical entity (PAN)flower0Least InformativeDirect
Plant ANatomical entity (PAN)portion of meristem tissue0Least InformativeDirect
Plant ANatomical entity (PAN)seed0Least InformativeDirect
Plant ANatomical entity (PAN)guard cell0Least InformativeDirect
Plant ANatomical entity (PAN)collective phyllome structure0Least InformativeDirect
Plant ANatomical entity (PAN)megasporophyll0Least InformativeDirect
Plant ANatomical entity (PAN)leaf0Least InformativeDirect
Plant ANatomical entity (PAN)shoot axis0Least InformativeDirect
Plant ANatomical entity (PAN)whole plant0Least InformativeDirect
Plant ANatomical entity (PAN)inflorescence meristem0Moderately InformativeDirect
Plant ANatomical entity (PAN)cotyledon0Moderately InformativeDirect
Plant structure DEvelopment stage (PDE)LP.12 twelve leaves visible stage0Least InformativeDirect
Plant structure DEvelopment stage (PDE)LP.08 eight leaves visible stage0Least InformativeDirect
Plant structure DEvelopment stage (PDE)LP.10 ten leaves visible stage0Least InformativeDirect
Plant structure DEvelopment stage (PDE)E expanded cotyledon stage0Least InformativeDirect
Plant structure DEvelopment stage (PDE)LP.06 six leaves visible stage0Least InformativeDirect
Plant structure DEvelopment stage (PDE)C globular stage0Least InformativeDirect
Plant structure DEvelopment stage (PDE)D bilateral stage0Least InformativeDirect
Plant structure DEvelopment stage (PDE)4 leaf senescence stage0Least InformativeDirect
Plant structure DEvelopment stage (PDE)LP.04 four leaves visible stage0Least InformativeDirect
Plant structure DEvelopment stage (PDE)F mature embryo stage0Least InformativeDirect
Plant structure DEvelopment stage (PDE)LP.02 two leaves visible stage0Least InformativeDirect

Document: AP annotation of SCOP domains

Enzyme Commission (EC)

(show details)
EC termFDR (all)SDEC levelAnnotation (direct or inherited)
Enzyme Commission (EC)Oxidoreductases0Least InformativeDirect
Enzyme Commission (EC)Acting on the CH-OH group of donors0.02338Moderately InformativeInherited
Enzyme Commission (EC)Transferring sulfur-containing groups0.000000003432InformativeDirect
Enzyme Commission (EC)Catalysing the translocation of hydrons0.00001746InformativeDirect
Enzyme Commission (EC)Acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors0.002472InformativeInherited
Enzyme Commission (EC)Acting on a sulfur group of donors0.01812InformativeInherited
Enzyme Commission (EC)Acting on a peroxide as acceptor0.05298InformativeInherited
Enzyme Commission (EC)Quinol--cytochrome-c reductase0.0000000000000112Highly InformativeDirect
Enzyme Commission (EC)With a cytochrome as acceptor0.0000000000005693Highly InformativeDirect
Enzyme Commission (EC)With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor0.0000002957Highly InformativeDirect
Enzyme Commission (EC)Acting on a heme group of donors0.008746Highly InformativeInherited

Document: EC annotation of SCOP domains

InterPro annotation
Cross references IPR009056 SSF46626 Protein matches
Abstract

After cytochrome c is synthesized in the cytoplasm as apocytochrome c, it is transported through the outer mitochondrial membrane to the intermembrane space, where haem is covalently attached by thioester bonds to two cysteine residues located in the cytochrome c centre. Cytochrome c is required during oxidative phosphorylation as an electron shuttle between Complex III (cytochrome c reductase) and IV (cytochrome c oxidase). In addition, cytochrome c is involved in apoptosis in more complex organisms such as Xenopus, rats and humans. Cellular stress can induce cytochrome c release from the mitochondrial membrane. In mammals, cytochrome c triggers the assembly of the apoptosome, consisting of cytochrome c, Apaf-1 and dATP, which activates caspase-9, leading to cell death [PubMed12729583, PubMed10707095]. There are several different members of the cytochrome c family with different functional roles, for instance cytochrome c549 is associated with photosystem II [PubMed11315568].

The known structures of c-type cytochromes have six different classes of fold. Of these, four are unique to c-type cytochromes [PubMed12594933, PubMed2166169]. The consensus sequence for the cytochrome c centre is Cys-X-X-Cys-His, where the histidine residue is one of the two axial ligands of the haem iron [PubMed10647174]. This arrangement is shared by all proteins known to belong to the cytochrome c family, which presently includes both mono-haem proteins and multi-haem proteins. This entry represents mono-haem cytochrome c proteins (excluding class II and f-type cytochromes), such as cytochromes c, c1, c2, c5, c555, c550 to c553, c556, and c6.

Cytochrome c-type centres are also found in the active sites of many enzymes, including cytochrome cd1-nitrite reductase as the N-terminal haem c domain, in quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase as the C-terminal domain, in Quinohemoprotein amine dehydrogenase A chain as domains 1 and 2, and in the cytochrome bc1 complex as the cytochrome bc1 domain.


InterPro database


PDBeMotif information about ligands, sequence and structure motifs
Cross references PDB entries
Ligand binding statistics
Nucleic-acid binding statistics
Occurrence of secondary structure elements
Occurrence of small 3D structural motifs

PDBeMotif resource

Jump to [ Top of page · SCOP classification · InterPro annotation · PDBeMotif links · Functional annotation · Enzyme Commission (EC) · Worm Phenotype (WP) · Yeast Phenotype (YP) · Arabidopsis Plant Ontology (AP) · Enzyme Commission (EC) ]

Internal database links

Browse genome assignments for this superfamily. The SUPERFAMILY hidden Markov model library has been used to carry out SCOP domain assignments to all genomes at the superfamily level.


Alignments of sequences to 110 models in this superfamily are available by clicking on the 'Alignments' icon above. PDB sequences less than 40% identical are shown by default, but any other sequence(s) may be aligned. Select PDB sequences, genome sequences, or paste in or upload your own sequences.


Browse and view proteins in genomes which have different domain combinations including a Cytochrome c domain.


Examine the distribution of domain superfamilies, or families, across the major taxonomic kingdoms or genomes within a kingdom. This gives an immediate impression of how superfamilies, or families, are restricted to certain kingdoms of life.


Explore domain occurrence network where nodes represent genomes and edges are domain architectures (shared between genomes) containing the superfamily of interest.

There are 110 hidden Markov models representing the Cytochrome c superfamily. Information on how the models are built, and plots showing hydrophobicity, match emmission probabilities and insertion/deletion probabilities can be inspected.


Jump to [ Top of page · SCOP classification · InterPro annotation · PDBeMotif links · Functional annotation · Enzyme Commission (EC) · Worm Phenotype (WP) · Yeast Phenotype (YP) · Arabidopsis Plant Ontology (AP) · Enzyme Commission (EC) · Internal database links ]